AI for Java Architects – Part 3
Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG): Building AI Systems That Know Your Data "The most valuable enterprise AI systems are not trained on the internet. They are built on your organization's knowledge."…
Month: June 2026
AI for Java Architects – Part 2
Tokens, Embeddings and Vector Databases for Java Developers "Databases store data. Vector databases store meaning." Introduction In the previous article, we learned: What an LLM is. How transformers work. Tokens…
AI for Java Architects – Part 1
Understanding Large Language Models (LLMs) for Java Developers "Before building AI applications, we must first understand what exactly is happening inside these magical systems." Welcome to the Journey In the…
From Enterprise Architect to AI Engineer: My Journey into RAG, Generative AI, LangChain and Agentic AI
A learning diary, a teaching guide, and a practical roadmap for Java developers entering the AI era. Introduction For nearly two decades, I have worked with enterprise software systems. I…
Part 10 – Production Best Practices, Performance Tuning and Enterprise Architecture
Introduction A Java application that works in development may fail in production because of: Missing indexes Poor schema design Connection pool exhaustion Large transactions N+1 queries Missing pagination Unoptimized SQL…
Part 9 – Transactions, Locking and Concurrency Control
Introduction In enterprise applications, data correctness is more important than performance. Consider these situations: Two users update the same order. Multiple payment requests arrive simultaneously. Inventory quantity is updated concurrently.…
Part 8 – Lazy Loading, N+1 Queries and Hibernate Performance Tuning
Introduction Most JPA applications work perfectly during development. Problems begin in production: Pages become slow. APIs execute hundreds of SQL statements. CPU usage increases. Database load increases. Memory usage grows.…
Part 7 – Composite Keys, Embedded IDs and Primary Key Design
Introduction Primary key design is one of the most important decisions in database design. A poorly chosen key can cause: ❌ Complex joins ❌ Difficult JPA mappings ❌ Large indexes…
Part 6 – JPA Relationships and Database Joins
Introduction Relationships are the foundation of every enterprise application. Consider these examples: Customer → Orders Order → Order Items Employee → Department User → Roles Student → Courses In relational…
Part 5 – JPA and Hibernate Fundamentals
Introduction Most modern Java applications do not directly use JDBC. Instead, they use an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) framework such as Hibernate through the Java Persistence API (JPA). JPA solves…